KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji bagi Tuhan yang telah menolong hamba-Nya menyelesaikan makalah ini dengan penuh kemudahan. Tanpa pertolongan Dia mungkin penyusun tidak akan sanggup menyelesaikan dengan baik.
Makalah ini disusun agar pembaca dapat memperluas ilmu tentang THE KIDS OF TEXT, yang kami sajikan berdasarkan pengamatan dari berbagai sumber. Makalah ini di susun oleh penyusun dengan berbagai rintangan. Baik itu yang datang dari diri penyusun maupun yang datang dari luar. Namun dengan penuh kesabaran dan terutama pertolongan dari Tuhan akhirnya makalah ini dapat terselesaikan.
Semoga makalah ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih luas kepada pembaca. Walaupun makalah ini memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Penyusun mohon untuk saran dan kritiknya. Terima kasih.
KATA PENGANTAR ………………………………………………………………
DAFTAR ISI ………………………………………………………………………………………..
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
BAB II TUJUAN
Narative text…………………………………………………………………………..
Descriptive text ……………………………………………………………………….
Procedure text…………………………………………………………………………
Recount text …………………………………………………………………………..
Report text ……………………………………………………………………………
BAB III KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ………………………………………………………………………..
B. saran…………………………………………………………………………….
BAB IV PENUTUP
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah
Lembaga pendidikan mengemban misi yang besar dan mulia untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Pendidikan dianggap sebagai suatu investasi yang paling berharga dalam bentuk peningkatan kualitas sumber daya insani. Kebesaran suatu bangsa seringkali diukur dari sejauhmana masyarakatnya mengenyam pendidikan. Semakin tinggi pendidikan yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat, maka semakin majulah bangsa tersebut. Kualitas pendidikan tidak saja dilihat dari kemegahan fasilitas pendidikan yang dimiliki, tetapi sejauh mana output (lulusan) yang dihasilkan oleh suatu lembaga pendidikan dapat memenuhi harapan, baik itu harapan peserta didik, harapan orang tua, harapan masyarakat, maupun harapan bangsa.
Pendidikan merupakan upaya manusia untuk memperluas cakrawala pengetahuan dalam rangka membentuk nilai, sikap, dan perilaku peserta didik. Sebagai upaya yang bukan saja membuahkan manfaat yang besar, pendidikan juga merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia yang sering dirasakan belum memenuhi harapan. Hal ini dirasakan banyak lulusan pendidikan formal yang belum dapat memenuhi kriteria tuntutan lapangan kerja yang tersedia, apalagi menciptakan lapangan kerja baru sebagai presentase penguasaan ilmu yang diperolehnya dari lembaga pendidikan. Kondisi ini merupakan gambaran rendahnya kualitas pendidikan kita.
Banyak pihak berpendapat bahwa rendahnya mutu pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menghambat penyediaan sumber daya manusia yang mempunyai keahlian dan keterampilan untuk memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan bangsa di berbagai bidang. Rendahnya mutu pendidikan terkait dengan skenario yang digunakan oleh pemerintah dalam membangun pendidikan yang selama ini lebih menekankan pada pendekatan input dan output.
Pemerintah berkeyakinan bahwa dengan meningkatkan mutu input maka dengan sendirinya akan dapat meningkatkan mutu output. Dengan keyakinan tersebut, kebijakan dan upaya yang ditempuh pemerintah adalah pengadaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, pengadaan guru, menatar para guru, dan menyediakan dana operasional pendidikan secara lebih memadai. Kenyataan tersebut memberi gambaran umum bahwa pendekatan input dan output secara makro belum menjamin peningkatan mutu sekolah dalam rangka meningkatkan dan meratakan mutu pendidikan.
Pendekatan input dan output yang bersifat makro tersebut kurang memperhatikan aspek yang bersifat mikro yaitu proses yang terjadi di sekolah. Dengan kata lain, dalam membangun pendidikan, selain menggunakan pendekatan makro juga perlu memperhatikan pendekatan mikro yaitu dengan memberi fokus secara lebih luas pada institusi sekolah yang berkenaan dengan kondisi keseluruhan sekolah seperti iklim sekolah dan individu-individu yang terlibat di sekolah baik guru, siswa, dan kepala sekolah serta peranannya masing-masing dan hubungan yang terjadi satu sama lain. Input sekolah memang penting tetapi yang jauh lebih penting adalah bagaimana mendayagunakan input tersebut yang terkait dengan individu-individu di sekolah.
BAB II
TUJUAN
Efek ragam bahasa inggris dalam tata cara berkomunikasi dengan orang – orang dari Negara lain.
Di antaranya yaitu dengan mempelajari bahasa inggris the kinds of the text ini
Untuk menguasainya kita perlu mempelajari dengan penuh keseriusan dan ketekunan.
Maka dengan ini mudah – mudahan makalah ini di buat bias mempermudah para pembaca untuk mempelajarinya.
PRABU Tapa Agung was an old king. He had two daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. Prabu Tapa Agung planned to retire as a king. He wanted Purbasari to replace him as the leader of the kingdom.
Hearing this, Purbararang was angry. "You cannot ask her to be the queen, Father. I'm older than she is. It's supposed to be me, not her!" said Purbararang. But the king still chose Purbasari to be the next queen. Purbararang then set a bad plan with her fiance, Indrajaya. Together they went to a witch and asked her to put a spell on Purbasari. Later, Purbasari had bad skin. There were black dots all over her body. "You are not as beautiful as I am. You cannot be the queen. Instead, you have to leave this palace and stay in a jungle," said Purbararang. Purbasari was very sad. Now she had to stay in the jungle. Everyday she spent her time playing with some animals there.
There was one monkey that always tried to cheer her up. It was not just an ordinary monkey, he had magical power. And he also could talk with humans. The monkey's name was Lutung Kasarung. He was actually a god. His name was Sanghyang Gurumina.
Lutung Kasarung planned to help Purbasari. He made a small lake and asked her to take a bath there. Amazingly, her bad skin was cured. Now she got her beautiful skin back. After that, she asked Lutung Kasarung to accompany her to go back to the palace.
Purbararang was very shocked. She knew she had to come up with another bad idea. She then said, "Those who have longer hair will be the queen." The king then measured his daughters' hair. Purbasari had longer hair. But Purbararang did not give up. "A queen must have a handsome husband. If my fiance is more handsome than yours, then I will be the queen," said Purbararang.
Purbasari was sad. She knew Purbararang's fiance, Indrajaya, was handsome. And she did not have a fiance yet. "Here is my fiancé, Indrajaya. Where is yours?" asked Purbararang. Lutung Kasarung came forward. Purbararang was laughing very hard. "Your fiance is a monkey, ha ha ha." Suddenly, Lutung Kasarung changed into a very a handsome man. He was even more handsome than Indrajaya.
Purbasari then became the queen. She forgave Purbararang and her fiance and let them stay in the palace.
Hearing this, Purbararang was angry. "You cannot ask her to be the queen, Father. I'm older than she is. It's supposed to be me, not her!" said Purbararang. But the king still chose Purbasari to be the next queen. Purbararang then set a bad plan with her fiance, Indrajaya. Together they went to a witch and asked her to put a spell on Purbasari. Later, Purbasari had bad skin. There were black dots all over her body. "You are not as beautiful as I am. You cannot be the queen. Instead, you have to leave this palace and stay in a jungle," said Purbararang. Purbasari was very sad. Now she had to stay in the jungle. Everyday she spent her time playing with some animals there.
There was one monkey that always tried to cheer her up. It was not just an ordinary monkey, he had magical power. And he also could talk with humans. The monkey's name was Lutung Kasarung. He was actually a god. His name was Sanghyang Gurumina.
Lutung Kasarung planned to help Purbasari. He made a small lake and asked her to take a bath there. Amazingly, her bad skin was cured. Now she got her beautiful skin back. After that, she asked Lutung Kasarung to accompany her to go back to the palace.
Purbararang was very shocked. She knew she had to come up with another bad idea. She then said, "Those who have longer hair will be the queen." The king then measured his daughters' hair. Purbasari had longer hair. But Purbararang did not give up. "A queen must have a handsome husband. If my fiance is more handsome than yours, then I will be the queen," said Purbararang.
Purbasari was sad. She knew Purbararang's fiance, Indrajaya, was handsome. And she did not have a fiance yet. "Here is my fiancé, Indrajaya. Where is yours?" asked Purbararang. Lutung Kasarung came forward. Purbararang was laughing very hard. "Your fiance is a monkey, ha ha ha." Suddenly, Lutung Kasarung changed into a very a handsome man. He was even more handsome than Indrajaya.
Purbasari then became the queen. She forgave Purbararang and her fiance and let them stay in the palace.
Descriptive Text
Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
Report Text
Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis
Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis
Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.
Analyzing on the Text
Generic Structure analysis
General classification; stating general classification, the animal of platypus.
Description; describing in detail characterization of platypus' body and habitual life
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing in group; the animal of platypus
conditional, logical connective; but, in the other hand
Simple present tense pattern; Platypus lives in streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.
Analyzing on the Text
Generic Structure analysis
General classification; stating general classification, the animal of platypus.
Description; describing in detail characterization of platypus' body and habitual life
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing in group; the animal of platypus
conditional, logical connective; but, in the other hand
Simple present tense pattern; Platypus lives in streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc
Recount text
The bomb, in the resort of Kuta, destroyed the Sari Club and a crowded nightspot. Many people have fallen victims to this blast. Many of them were foreign tourists, especially from Australia. They were burner beyond recognition. Some tourist who were at the scene of the blast said there were two explosions around the nightclub. One bomb had exploded outside Paddy’s Bar before a Bar bomb hit the Sari Club which was located some meters away.
Hundred were injured in the explosion and about 220 Australians remain unaccounted for. The U.K. Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, said that 33 Britons were among those killed in the Bali attack. The Australian Primer Minister, John Howard, called its borders, saying it had been a problem for a long time.
Lists of missing people have been posted in Bali and official said that it could take days to identity all the victims, some of whom were trapped in the Sari Club by a wall of flames. A notice board at the hospital in Bali includes a section called “Unknown Identity” and detailed list on victims such as : “Young girl in intensive care, 11-14 years old, face burned, income, Causation,” or “Girl in intensive care, about 5 years old, 130 cm, fair skin, Caucasian with reddish brown hair. She has a purplish belly button ring.”
Many embassies, including the British and the American, are advising their people to cancel spending their planned holidays in Indonesia, and all U.S. citizens in the country have been told to leave including diplomats and non-essential government staff.
Procedure Text
Ingredients:
1 Foot of cow
4 cups Coconut milk
1 Turmeric leaf
2 seed of False mangosteen ( Common english name for "Asam Kandis"). It's also called "Gamboge tree", "Eggtree", "Sour mangosteen", "Cochin-goraka".
2 Kaffir lime leaves
1 stalk Lemongrass
Blended spices:
1 tbsp Blended red chilies
2 cm Turmeric
5 pcs Candlenuts
2 cm Laos / Galangal
6 cloves Garlic
10 pcs Shallots
How To:
1. Clean the cow's foot and its hair, cut into several pieces and cook until tender.
2. Remove the bones and then cut the meat into small sizes according to your preference.
3. Cook the coconut milk together with the blended spices, kaffir lime leaves, kandis acid (false mangosteen) and the lemongrass.
4. Add the meat pieces and cook until the coconut milk thickens and oily.
5. Keep stirring until it's well cooked to prevent the coconut milk from dissolving.
6. Lift.
1 Foot of cow
4 cups Coconut milk
1 Turmeric leaf
2 seed of False mangosteen ( Common english name for "Asam Kandis"). It's also called "Gamboge tree", "Eggtree", "Sour mangosteen", "Cochin-goraka".
2 Kaffir lime leaves
1 stalk Lemongrass
Blended spices:
1 tbsp Blended red chilies
2 cm Turmeric
5 pcs Candlenuts
2 cm Laos / Galangal
6 cloves Garlic
10 pcs Shallots
How To:
1. Clean the cow's foot and its hair, cut into several pieces and cook until tender.
2. Remove the bones and then cut the meat into small sizes according to your preference.
3. Cook the coconut milk together with the blended spices, kaffir lime leaves, kandis acid (false mangosteen) and the lemongrass.
4. Add the meat pieces and cook until the coconut milk thickens and oily.
5. Keep stirring until it's well cooked to prevent the coconut milk from dissolving.
6. Lift.
DAFATAR PUSTAKA
Alan, Evision. 1983. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary New York: Oxford University Press.
Ali, Muhammad. 1982. Penelitian Procedure dan Strategy. Bandung : Angkasa
Bram, Barly. 1995. Write Well, Improving Writing Skill. Yogyakarta : Kanisius
Burn, Robert B. 1994. Introduction to Research Methods. Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 1994. Kurikulum SLTP, GBPP, Jakarta : Depdikbud
Hornby, AS. 1984. Oxford Advantaged Learner’s Dictionary of current English. America : Oxford University Press.
Kerlinger, Fred N. 1964. Foundation of behavioral Research. USA : Holt, Rinehart and Winston INC.
Surakhmad, Winarno. 1981. Paper, Skripsi, Thesis and Disertasi. Bandung : Tarsito.
Webster, 1957. Webster’s New World Dictionary of American Language. New York : The Word Publisher Company
Ali, Muhammad. 1982. Penelitian Procedure dan Strategy. Bandung : Angkasa
Bram, Barly. 1995. Write Well, Improving Writing Skill. Yogyakarta : Kanisius
Burn, Robert B. 1994. Introduction to Research Methods. Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 1994. Kurikulum SLTP, GBPP, Jakarta : Depdikbud
Hornby, AS. 1984. Oxford Advantaged Learner’s Dictionary of current English. America : Oxford University Press.
Kerlinger, Fred N. 1964. Foundation of behavioral Research. USA : Holt, Rinehart and Winston INC.
Surakhmad, Winarno. 1981. Paper, Skripsi, Thesis and Disertasi. Bandung : Tarsito.
Webster, 1957. Webster’s New World Dictionary of American Language. New York : The Word Publisher Company
BAB III
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
(MASIH KOSONG)
BAB IV
PENUTUP
Demikian yang dapat kami paparkan mengenai materi yang menjadi pokok bahasan dalam makalah ini, tentunya masih banyak kekurangan dan kelemahannya, kerena terbatasnya pengetahuan dan kurangnya rujukan atau referensi yang ada hubungannya dengan judul makalah ini.
Penulis banyak berharap para pembaca yang budiman dusi memberikan kritik dan saran yang membangun kepada penulis demi sempurnanya makalah ini dan dan penulisan makalah di kesempatan-kesempatan berikutnya. Semoga makalah ini berguna bagi penulis pada khususnya juga para pembaca yang budiman pada umumnya.
Penulis banyak berharap para pembaca yang budiman dusi memberikan kritik dan saran yang membangun kepada penulis demi sempurnanya makalah ini dan dan penulisan makalah di kesempatan-kesempatan berikutnya. Semoga makalah ini berguna bagi penulis pada khususnya juga para pembaca yang budiman pada umumnya.
Lampiran
Dari sudut pandang inilah sebuah makalah dapat dibedakan dari sebuah skripsi yang sering merupakan hasil laporan sebuah penelitian. Pada sebuah skripsi, bab III dituliskan sebagai uraian metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dan bab IV merupakan uraian hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan.
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